Two out of the three causes of depression have been covered in the last chapter: (1) biochemical factors and (2) an individual’s psychiatric makeup. We now move on to the third factor: socio-circumstantial causes.

These refer to incidents, setbacks, and experiences linked to social and circumstantial issues. Examples include relationship conflicts, separation, airplane disasters, breakups, the death of a loved one, and childhood trauma. Depression can also be triggered by tragedies and major circumstantial turmoil, such as air disasters or armed conflicts. These socio-circumstantial factors complicate the situation, especially when the individual already has pre-existing vulnerabilities. The risk of developing depression increases significantly when biological predispositions and perfectionist tendencies converge—some might even call it a disaster waiting to happen.

Depression is a clinical mental disorder with hereditary characteristics, meaning it can be passed down through family lines......

For Discussion

1. Depression is classified as a mental disorder. To what extent does genetics play a role? How would you approach this question?
2. There are ten major symptoms of depression. How many must be observed before a diagnosis is warranted? For how long should these symptoms persist before seeking professional help?
3. How can one show care and support to a family member experiencing depression?